The history of Bononia Estate is like a journey through the centuries starting as early as the times of the Roman Empire. In the late 19th century, one of the first breweries was established in what is now the location of the Bononia Estate, but during the period of the transition, it sank into oblivion. In 2013, in the times of the modern Bulgarian state, the company began its revival, this time as a winery using modern technologies integrated by a family of people who are passionate about their country and determined to start and grow their business here. People who are in love with aviation and firmly believe that one must set their spirit free in order to make one’s dreams come true.

The Danube Plain is a large wine region covering northern Bulgaria, stretching from the foothills of the Balkan Mountains to the banks of the Danube River. The landscape is mostly flat or gently rolling, and the climate is continental, with hot, dry summers and cold winters. The Danube and its tributaries play an important moderating role, helping to reduce temperature extremes and extending the growing season. However, summer drought and occasional spring frost are common viticultural challenges and, depending upon the varietal planted, can require careful vineyard management.

The soils are predominantly loess and chernozem (black earth), rich in nutrients and capable of retaining water, although there are also areas of sandy and clayey soils that provide good drainage and lower vigour. This diversity allows a wide range of grape varieties to flourish.

Both local and international grapes are planted. Indigenous reds such as Gamza and Rubin perform well, alongside Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah. Among the whites, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling and the local Dimyat are important. Key growing areas include Vidin, Pleven and Ruse.

Gamza, also known as Kadarka, is an ancient red grape variety believed to have originated in the central Balkan region, with a long history of cultivation in northern Bulgaria and Hungary. It is particularly associated with the Danube Plain in Bulgaria, where it has been traditionally grown for centuries. In the vineyard, Gamza is late-ripening and sensitive to climate conditions. It prefers warm, continental climates but is prone to spring frost and requires careful site selection and canopy management to reach full ripeness. The variety has thin skins and relatively large berries, which can make it vulnerable to rot, especially in damp autumns.

Gamza is grown mainly in Bulgaria, where it remains one of the key indigenous red varieties, particularly around Pleven and Vidin, and in Hungary under the name Kadarka, where it is used in blends such as Egri Bikavér (Bull’s Blood). Small plantings also exist in Romania and Serbia.

The wines produced from Gamza are typically light- to medium-bodied with fresh acidity and soft tannins. They display aromatic notes of red cherry, raspberry and redcurrant, often accompanied by delicate floral and spicy nuances. When well-made, Gamza wines are elegant and expressive, offering a bright, refreshing style that reflects their cool continental origins.